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🌊 EWB-SIT · Domestic Project 2026
Automation Sub-Team
Automation System
Research
Smart irrigation automation for Stevens campus — monitoring, controlling, and optimizing water delivery through IoT sensors and intelligent scheduling.
💧 Save Water 🔔 Leak Alerts 📊 Usage Data 🔗 Campus Integration
Network Layer
IoT Communication Options
Three protocols evaluated for connecting sensors to the central hub across campus infrastructure.
📡

LoRa / LoRaWAN

15–20 km range, low power. Penetrates walls, buildings, and underground structures — ideal for buried pipe sensors.

★ Recommended
🕸

Zigbee

Mesh networking, up to 65,000 nodes. Self-healing, low power. Shorter range but scales well for dense deployments.

Scalable
📶

Standard Wi-Fi

Leverages existing Stevens campus network. Simpler setup but dependent on coverage near mechanical rooms.

Coverage Dependent
Hardware Strategy
Sensor Design Options
Two approaches: building sensors in-house or purchasing pre-made solutions.
Factor🔧 DIY / In-House📦 Pre-Made
CostLower — ESP32 + Arduino (~$5–25)Higher — Seeed / Iskrasonic ($30–200+)
CustomizationFully adaptable to our use caseFixed feature set, limited modification
PowerSolar panel integration possibleProprietary batteries or wired power
SetupHigher effort — code + hardware assemblyLower — plug-and-play protocols
ReliabilityDepends on build quality and testingCommercially validated, warranty support
Sensing Layer
Sensor Types & Use Cases
Four core sensor types power intelligent irrigation decision-making.
🌱

Soil Moisture

Measures water content per zone. Drives watering decisions — prevents over and under-irrigation.

Primary driver
🔧

Leak Detection

Monitors pipe integrity in real time. Alerts Facilities instantly when a break is detected.

Facilities alert
🌡

Temp & Humidity

Tracks ambient conditions to calculate optimal water volume for current weather.

Weather-aware

Sunlight Intensity

Determines best watering window — after dark — to maximize absorption and minimize evaporation.

Timing optimizer
API Alternative: Temp, humidity & sunlight data can use the National Weather Service free API — cheaper but internet-dependent and less locally accurate.
Control Layer
Control System & User Interface
A Raspberry Pi central hub collects sensor data and controls irrigation valves via relay switches.

🖥 Raspberry Pi Hub

Creates a mesh network polling all sensors. Saves readings to a local database. Connects via Ethernet or Wi-Fi for remote access.

⚡ Relay Control

GPIO-connected relays interface with existing sprinkler valves. Separate microcontroller fallback if no on-site internet.

💾 Local Database

All sensor readings logged locally. Enables historical water usage analysis and full offline operation during outages.

📟 Touchscreen / 🌐 Dashboard

On-site touchscreen needs no internet. Web dashboard allows Facilities to adjust schedules and get live alerts remotely.

System Architecture
Control System Map
RASPBERRY PI CENTRAL HUB Local DB · Relay ctrl Ethernet / Wi-Fi NWS FREE API Weather data (optional) TOUCHSCREEN On-site · Offline UI WEB DASHBOARD Remote · Alerts SOIL MOISTURE Zone coverage TEMP / HUMIDITY Weather-aware LEAK DETECTION Pipe monitoring SUNLIGHT SENSOR Timing optimizer WATER METER Flow rate monitoring ALERT OUTPUTS Email · SMS · Slack RELAY CONTROLLER Valve switching SPRINKLER ZONES A · B · C · D
Water Today
142 gal
↓ 18% vs avg
Avg Soil Moisture
67%
Optimal range
Temperature
58°F
Humidity 72%
System Status
Active
No leak alerts
ZONE A ZONE B ZONE C ZONE D HOWE KIDDE 🌱 62% 🌱 71% 🌡 58°F 72% ☀ 12 lux 🔧 OK N
Active sprinkler
Idle sprinkler
Soil sensor
Light sensor
Leak sensor
Alerting
Alert System Options
When the system detects a leak or malfunction, it automatically notifies the right people.
📧

Email

Automated alerts to predefined recipients with a dashboard link for instant status viewing.

💬

SMS

Text notification to a predefined number. Fastest way to reach Facilities without requiring app access.

🗨

Slack / Discord

Posts to a dedicated channel. Ideal for EWB team monitoring without individual email chains.

🔗Any alert can include a dashboard link for live sensor readings — configurable as a public read-only view for Facilities staff.
Action Items
Next Steps & Open Questions
Key decisions to resolve before end of Phase 2 — April 29, 2026.
  • 1
    Decide communication protocol — LoRa vs. Zigbee vs. Wi-Fi based on coverage at Morton/Kidde mechanical room.
  • 2
    Finalize sensor approach — DIY (ESP32 + Arduino) vs. pre-made vs. hybrid strategy per sensor type.
  • 3
    Confirm Wi-Fi availability — Ask Dan/Kurt whether mechanical room near Morton/Kidde has usable Wi-Fi.
  • 4
    Determine flow rate — Measure or request water source flow rate at Morton/Kidde for design team sizing.
  • 5
    Sync with Irrigation Design Team — Coordinate valve interfaces with Claire, Athena, Kylie & Leilani before April 8.

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